Guide
Router vs modem: what is the difference?
A modem or gateway connects the home to an internet provider, while a router manages traffic among local devices and between the local network and the wider internet.
At a glance
- Modem role
- Connects to the provider access network
- Router role
- Routes traffic between the local network and other networks
Overview
People often call every networking box a router, but home networks can separate several roles. A modem or optical terminal connects to the provider's access network; a router moves traffic between networks and usually provides firewall and address-sharing functions; a Wi-Fi access point provides the wireless radio connection. One physical gateway can combine multiple roles.
Combined gateways are common
Cable, fiber, and DSL providers often supply one device that contains modem or optical-network functions plus routing, Ethernet switching, Wi-Fi, and firewall features. That convenience can hide the distinct jobs inside the box.
Know which layer you are fixing
A provider-line issue may require modem or optical-terminal troubleshooting, while poor room coverage can be entirely a Wi-Fi problem. Replacing the router will not necessarily fix a weak provider signal, and upgrading internet speed will not necessarily fix bad wireless placement.
Sources and review
MOOR's explanatory text is supported by the following source links.
- Getting Broadband — Federal Communications Commission
- Guidelines for Securing WLANs — National Institute of Standards and Technology